The genus name combines the Ancient Greek kallos meaning 'beauty' and kephalē meaning 'head'. The specific epithet is from Latin fimbriata meaning 'fringed'. The type locality is the Bass River in the state of Victoria. The gang-gang cockatoo is now the only species placed in the genus Callocephalon that was introduced in 1837 by the French naturalist René Lesson. Grant coined the binomial name Psittacus fimbriatus. In 1803 the British Royal Navy officer James Grant included an illustration of the gang-gang cockatoo in his book describing a voyage to the colony of New South Wales in Australia. The name gang-gang comes from a New South Wales Aboriginal language, probably from one of the coastal languages, although possibly from Wiradjuri. It is easily identified by its distinctive call, which is described as resembling a creaky gate, or the sound of a cork being pulled from a wine bottle. The gang-gang cockatoo is the faunal emblem of the Australian Capital Territory.

It ranges throughout south-eastern Australia. Mostly mild grey in colour with some lighter scalloping (more pronounced and buffy in females), the male has a red head and crest, while the female has a small fluffy grey crest. It is the only species placed in the genus Callocephalon. The gang-gang cockatoo ( Callocephalon fimbriatum) is a parrot found in the cooler and wetter forests and woodlands of Australia, particularly alpine bushland.

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